Finally, helped by Olthuis, a lawyer and researcher, the community received roughly $7 million in 1985 for compensation, job creation and economic development. Mashford-Pringle cited Grassy Narrows First Nation, where a pulp and paper mill led to mercury poisoning the water systems. The Grassy Narrows band began seeking compensation in 1970. Ten years ago, on 2 December 2002, young people from the Grassy Narrows First Nation in northwestern Ontario went out onto a road leading past their reserve and stopped the logging tracks carrying away trees cut on their traditional territory. ← The 1990s: CPJ in the eye of several storms. Potatoes were grown on a community plot. [28] There were no immediate injunctions issued to stop logging activity, however. On Thursday, Grassy Narrows Chief Simon Fobister sent out a response to Murray’s comments, inviting Premier Kathleen Wynne to put this “historic … Miller pegged the timeline to finish the buildings at between 18 and 36 months. The Clarion Lakeside Inn in Kenora is still undergoing repairs and renovations after a fire in January. Story continues below advertisement. The English River is 615 kilometers long with a drainage basin of 52,300 square kilometers. It has a registered population of 1,595 as of October 2019, of which the on-reserve population was 971[2] They are a signatory to Treaty 3. Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation (also known as Grassy Narrows First Nation or the Asabiinyashkosiwagong Nitam-Anishinaabeg in the Ojibwe language) is an Ojibwe First Nations band government who inhabit northern Kenora in Ontario, Canada. Grassy Narrows’ Chief Simon Fobister responded saying “I invite the Premier to put this historic commitment in writing and sign it alongside me in proper ceremony so that we can know it is real. Grassy Narrows First Nations chief hails more funding for mercury treatment centre. He would not say whether logging infringes on treaty rights. “When they look at the forest,” he says of Abitibi, “all they see is money.” In 2002, Abitibi revenues topped $5.1 billion. “We will not rest until our fish are safe to eat again.” Longtime CPJ members will remember the years of work by former staffperson John Olthuis to help the band receive compensation for the ravages of mercury poisoning from a Reed Paper mill upstream in Dryden. The reserve is also part of the provincial riding of Kenora-Rainy River and federal riding of Kenora. [7][24], Ultimately, while the socioeconomic status of the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation people partially explains why the First Nation group still consumes the mercury-infested fish, the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation culture also contributes to the ingestion of fish by the Indigenous group. Rudy Turtle, chief of Grassy Narrows, hopes he keeps that promise. We have borne 54 years of poison and inaction – we need a firm timeline and a realistic budget to get this cleanup done as soon as humanly possible. Treaties and trees. They weren’t interested. With international attention shifting from decimated rainforests to the “emerald halo” of boreal forest atop the globe, forestry practices in Canada will face greater scrutiny. [25] Given these points, the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation community have not stopped consuming fish as fish are considered as sacred more-than-human beings who have the ability to teach valuable lessons to the future generations. The winters were spent trapping for the Hudson's Bay Company, the summer gardening and harvesting wild blueberries which together with skins were sold for supplies. [16][17] In other words, the closure of the fishery affected the once-booming tourism industry, where locals acted as guides for out of town fisherman. As many as 1,000 people showed symptoms of the dreaded “Minamata disease” in the 1960s and 1970s. Previously he worked with Mennonite Central Committee. Pointing to a purple blotch where he shares a cabin with a Grassy Narrows trapper, he says, “If they cut here, we’ll have to pretend we’re living in a forest.” He cares about old growth forests and a way of life. [21] Government agencies responsible for the cleanup and study of the mercury pollution in the Wabigoon River system fear that dredging the sediments in the Wabigoon River may increase the levels of mercury downstream. Grassy Narrows First Nations youth are renowned for their activism, art, and leadership in spite of mercury burden Today Grassy Narrows released a ground-breaking new report by renowned mercury expert Dr. Donna Mergler. The closest airport is Kenora Airport and provides connections to other large communities including Thunder Bay and Winnipeg. In … Fobister says it doesn’t smell like sewage the way it used to. site has delayed the work timeline, the spokesperson said, adding the government will share its “approach” with Grassy Narrows and … The Canadian wilderness is an awesome adventure. Grassy Narrows timeline. And no timeline has been given for the next phase of design or construction. [18][19] Moreover, in June 2017, the Ontario government pledged $85 million to clean up the industrial mercury contamination. [8][9][10] Both the paper and chemical companies ceased operations in 1976, after 14 years of operations. [25][7], On September 8, 2007, Ontario announced that it "had agreed to begin discussions with Grassy Narrows First Nation on forestry-related issues. “$19.5 million is just for the building itself, but we are in the process of securing another, I think, $68 million and that still has to go to cabinet for approval,” said Turtle, who talked to APTN News from his Grassy Narrows home. Last night I lacked respect towards them and I apologize.” Says the situation is serious and his office will be speaking O’Regan about what’s being done #cdnpoli #GrassyNarrows” He succeeds Rudy Turtle, who had also run in the last federal election. According to Manager Jimmy Koo, they still have no timeline for completion. Grassy Narrows First Nation, or the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation, is a small First Nations community in northwestern Ontario. On August 17, 2011, First Nation supporters won a victory in court, when "Ontario's Superior Court ruled that the province cannot authorize timber and logging if the operations infringe on federal treaty promises protecting aboriginal rights to traditional hunting and trapping." It was past midnight as we stood around the bonfire beside a logging road in northwestern Ontario. [4], On the lands they selected under Treaty 3, the old reserve, the cycle of seasonal activities and traditional cultural practices of the Ojibway were followed. The fur trade economy transformed Ojibwe social organization and resource use. Grassy Narrows is asking for $88.7 million be put into a trust to cover construction and maintenance costs over the next 30 years. Police say runaway Hong Kong politician probed for security crime . It was a “roving blockade,” part of a high-stakes game of cat and mouse between the Anishinaabe people of Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows First Nation) and Montreal … Grassy Narrows-Outfitter- Pourvoyeur - Welcome to Camp Grassy Narrows. The next day I join Fobister as he drives to a clearcut in an area where his parents took him when he was young. And no timeline has been given for the next phase of design or construction. “I can’t even imagine what it used to be like,” surveying the naked hillside. [25] Additionally, Indigenous people believe that people may learn from fish and learn cultural practices by fishing. The 1000 people of Grassy Narrows cannot survive off a 14 square mile reserve. Grassy Narrows is located on Garden Lake, a small lake connected by a meandering creek that leads to the magnificent English River. Grassy Narrows received over $530,000 from that program in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, federal officials said. All Rights Reserved. [3] In 90%+ unemployment rate in 1970, closing of the commercial fishery meant economic disaster for the Indian reserve. Treaties, trees and sharing: A frontline report, March 2003. Treaty 3, which applies to Grassy Narrows, makes provision for Indians to “pursue their avocations of hunting and fishing” throughout the area they inhabited (not just on reserve), subject to certain limitations. Grassy Narrows, ON, is the common name for both a reserve and an Ojibwe First Nation. [21] Walleye remains dangerous for those with long-term exposure to the consumption of the fish as walleye contains approximately 13-15 times the recommended levels of mercury. Maan Alhmidi / The Canadian Press. Youth are central to the blockade. Elsewhere across Northern Ontario, huge sections of land are being opened up for forestry or mining development, without consideration for Aboriginal rights and jurisdiction. At blockade headquarters, he pours over maps with webs of roads and networks of blotches on them. By Citizens for Public Justice. Pollution meant the English-Wabigoon River had to be closed to commercial fishing. Mercury poisoning among the people of Grassy Narrows was first discovered in the early 1970s by Japanese researchers. Grassy Narrows declared a state of emergency over its unsafe drinking water in 2015, after a boil-water advisory had already been in place for nearly two years, as … Grassy Narrows First Nation leaders want a commitment in writing from the province to cleanup a nearby river that is contaminated with mercury. She … “It’s a provincial matter,” he says. [7] The Dryden Chemical company discharged their effluent into the Wabigoon-English River system. [7][24][25] According to First Nations people, fish is one of the healthiest substances that can be consumed. “What they’re doing is wrong.”, Billard started out expecting to work co-operatively with Abitibi. The community fears mass logging will lead to damage to local habitat.[27]. Their territory was on the northern shore of the Great Lakes from the Michipicoten Bay of Lake Superior to the Georgian Bay of Lake Huron. “If there was a sudden turn of events I would be very disappointed,” Turtle said, pointing out that the COVID-19 pandemic is slowing things down. For almost 50 years, the river system—a foundational element of the Grassy Narrows culture—-that the community relies on for food and water has been contaminated with mercury as a result of industrial pollution. On the road into Grassy Narrows, a sign that once warned about forest fires reads “Our future depends on forests. Referring to local logging activity, Abitibi spokesperson Marc Osborne says “this is not clearcutting to me.” The company operates under “self-regulated” licenses granted by the province, and replants harvested areas. [22] Thus, it is because the government entities do not wish to pollute the Wabigoon River system furthermore that the lack of cleanup is strategic rather than malicious. FISHER RIVER CREE NATION HISTORICAL TIMELINE (Selected) 1837 Norway House established as Hudson Bay Company Administrative Centre. [5] From 1876 to 1969 schooling was at McIntosh Indian Residential School, a residential school in McIntosh, Ontario. “They act like they own the forest, as though we are accountable to them.”. [26] Iacobucci's discussions with Grassy Narrows would focus on, "sustainable forest management partnership models and other forestry-related matters, including harvesting methods, interim protection for traditional activities and economic development. Grassy Narrows timeline. CPJ member Will Braun is on sabbatical from his work with Pimicikamak Cree Nation in northern Manitoba. But instead of the Oka-esque militancy that stereotypes might conjure, it was the quiet Davidian confidence of a people prepared for the corporate Goliath. For almost 50 years, the river system—a foundational element of the Grassy Narrows culture—-that the community relies on for food and water has been contaminated with mercury as a result of industrial pollution. The current time in Grassy Narrows including seconds is shown along with live date based on local timezone and difference from UTC/GMT/ZULU Offset. Don’t destroy it! As we awaited the loggers – who haul at night on roads leading to the pulp and paper mill 80 km south in Kenora – there was a heightened energy in the air. Email me when someone replies to my comment, 334 MacLaren Street - Suite 200Ottawa ONK2P 0M6Unceded Algonquin Territory, 501-309 Cooper St, Ottawa ON K2P 0G5Unceded Algonquin Territory, Charitable registration number: 89438 3512 RR0001 (CJL Foundation). The people of Grassy Narrows have suffered from symptoms of mercury poisoning for more than four decades and scientists had been saying … “New Democrats have repeatedly raised in this chamber […] Only time will tell how this David and Goliath tale will unfold and whether treaties can be made to work for both non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal people. Lands and resources that once sustained them now sustain corporations far away, and the forest is harmed in the process. Protection of boreal forests, which constitute a majority of the world’s remaining intact forest, are seen as critical in maintaining carbon balance and averting climate crisis. Be careful with Abitibi!”, the final word revised by forest advocates. © 2020 Citizens for Public Justice. “We have borne 54 years of poison and inaction — we need a firm timeline and a realistic budget to get this cleanup done as soon as humanly possible,” Grassy Narrows Chief Simon Fobister said Thursday in response to Glenn Murray’s comments. [8][9] Workers from the industry have admitted that there are a multitude of hidden mercury containers near the Wabigoon River that has caused health problems among the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation community to be a continuous issue. We have everyhting that you need for the perfect vacation. This highway provides connection to Kenora, 68.7 km (42.7 mi) to the south. Grassy Narrows First Nations chief hails more funding for mercury treatment centre. [29] Later released documents, after freedom of information requests, revealed concerns by local biologists that were never followed up on.[30]. Provincial spokesperson Shawn Stevenson says there is extensive “consultation” with Grassy Narrows on forestry planning, but when pushed on how much say Aboriginal people have, says “[Aboriginal] input on site-specific issues,” is “considered” in forest planning. It was a “roving blockade,” part of a high-stakes game of cat and mouse between the Anishinaabe people of Asubpeeschoseewagong (Grassy Narrows First Nation) and Montreal-based logging giant Abitibi Consolidated. March 2, 2016 NDP critic for Aboriginal Affairs, France Gélinas, says it is time for the provincial government to act on promises to clean up mercury contamination of the English-Wabigoon River in Grassy Narrows and provide the community 100 kilometres north of Kenora with safe drinking water. White people seldom entered the reserve except for the treaty agent who visited once a year. Residents of Grassy Narrows First Nation, about 100 kilometres northeast of Kenora, Ont., have grappled with long-standing mental and physical health issues due to toxic mercury levels in the nearby English-Wabigoon River. Grassy Narrows reminds Canada of unkept promises as AFN sets its priority agenda. The band said the construction timeline of two to three years is “achievable” as long as “Canada cooperates.” Grassy Narrows residents first began to … The issue of Aboriginal rights to customary lands outside reserves is critical for Grassy Narrows’ hopes of attaining self-reliance. Although the framework agreement is a legally binding contract, Grassy Narrows will have to wait a bit longer for “the machinery of government” to work through the issue of long-term funding, as Miller put it. Treaty Three Police Service provides policing for the reserve, Places adjacent to Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation, (ORDER IN COUNCIL SETTING UP COMMISSION FOR TREATY 3), CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Treaty 3 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Saulteaux Tribe of the Ojibbeway Indians at the Northwest Angle on the Lake of the Woods with Adhesions, "Census Profile, 2016 Census English River 21, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Ontario and Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario", Registered Population Official Name Grassy Narrows First Nation 149, "Treaty 3 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Saulteaux Tribe of the Ojibbeway Indians at the Northwest Angle on the Lake of the Woods with Adhesions", "Passing on Ojibway Lifeways in a Contemporary Environment", "Grassy Narrows residents eating fish with highest mercury levels in province", "Ontario knew about Grassy Narrows mercury site for decades, but kept it secret", "The interwoven history of mercury poisoning in Ontario and Japan", "Province ignores information about possible mercury dumping ground: Star Investigation", "Former Dryden, Ont. The reserve, legally known as English River Indian Reserve 21, is just over 41 km 2 of land located about 55 km northeast of Kenora.There are 1,594 registered members of Grassy Narrows First Nation (also known as Asubpeeschoseewagong Netum Anishinabek), 971 of whom live on-reserve (2019). “We’re asking for a Mercury Home. The only access to the reserve was by canoe or plane. [11] However, time has not lowered the levels of mercury in the Wabigoon River system as the paper and pulp industry in Dryden and the Canadian government had originally told the residents. The implicit lesson seems to be that the students’ future is linked to insistence on a new approach to the forest, one not centered around trucks hauling the opportunities of their homeland away while they sit in classrooms preparing for jobs that may not exist. Jobs vanished and welfare dependency increased. That’s hard to do in a clearcut. We have borne 54 years of poison and inaction – we need a firm timeline and a realistic budget to get this cleanup done as soon as humanly possible. That’s little comfort to Fobister, who says decision making power lies elsewhere. [7][23] Consumption of fish continues in the area, particularly pickerel (walleye), the local favourite, but it is high on the food chain and therefore contains high levels of mercury. [13][14], The mercury poisoning among the two First Nations communities were possible due to the lax laws regarding environmental pollution. The sentiment is echoed by non-Aboriginal trapper Don Billard. Environment Minister Glen Murray announced in Jun 2017 article, CBC news: Ontario will spend $85 million to clean up industrial mercury contamination that is poisoning the people at Grassy Narrows and Wabaseemoong First Nations in NW Ont Finally, helped by Olthuis, a lawyer and researcher, the community received roughly $7 million in 1985 for compensation, job creation and economic development. In the fall, wild rice was harvested from the margins of the rivers and finished for storage. Trailers at the main blockade serve as makeshift high school classrooms. 1840-1877 Sandy Bar Cree/Saulteaux community established at Sandy Bar/Grassy Narrows. Meanwhile, Fobister said he fears his community will bear the consequences of the mercury contamination until the river is cleaned up, noting such a process could prolong the ordeal for several more generations of Grassy Narrows residents. "[26], The reserve's other environmental concern is the mass extraction of trees for paper. September 21, 2003. Last year, 86% of Grassy Narrows residents tested, showed signs of mercury poisoning. The reserve has one school, Sakatcheway Anishinabe School, the serves students from junior kindergarten to grade 12. [14] Though there have been obvious health issues associated with the consumption of fish from the Wabigoon River system, Ed Wilson Landing, and Clay Lake, the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation community continue to eat the fish from these bodies of water as the community cannot afford to obtain boats in order to fish farther away from the infected waterways or afford pricey groceries. 3 (1873) (“Treaty 3”), thus limiting First Nation harvesting rights. Fobister believes a multi-use approach to the forest would provide more jobs through eco-tourism, trapping, wild rice harvesting, fishing, and selective logging. “I can’t describe the feeling,” he says. Although the Asubpeeschoseewagong people themselves say that they have always lived along the Wabigoon-English River northeast of Lake of the Woods, most historians believe that the ancestors of the Northern Ojibway were first encountered by Europeans near what is now Sault Ste. [7] Therefore, it is because the Indigenous guides did not feel comfortable suggesting that tourists eat the fish contaminated with mercury and because the tourists did not wish to ingest fish with high levels of mercury that the fishing tourist industry no longer exists in the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation community. "[26] The provincial government appointed former Supreme Court of Canada and Federal Court of Canada Chief Justice Frank Iacobucci to lead these discussions. In 1871, Grassy Narrows First Nation, together with other Ojibway tribes, made a treaty with the Canadian government, The Crown, in the person of Queen Victoria, giving up aboriginal title to a large tract of land in northwestern Ontario and eastern Manitoba, Treaty 3 between Her Majesty the Queen and the Saulteaux Tribe of the Ojibbeway Indians at the Northwest Angle on the Lake of the Woods with Adhesions. The lodge is sheltered and remote. Grassy Narrows Lodge is located on Miles Bay, deep in the heart of beautiful Lake of the Woods, Ontario, Canada. Tribal members were allowed to hunt, fish, and trap on unused portions of their former domain; the government undertook to establish schools; and to give ammunition for hunting, twine to make nets, agricultural implements and supplies, and a small amount of money to the tribe. “We’re not shying away from our responsibility,” Osborne says, noting ongoing communication with Grassy Narrows. Muskrat were plentiful and trapped for pelts and food. Abitibi-Consolidated has been harvesting trees in the area. Details Category: Local News Published: Friday, 05 June 2020 11:52 Written by Rikki Watson. Traditionally, Ojibwe hunted large game for subsistence. [6], The First Nations people experienced mercury poisoning from Dryden Chemical Company, a chloralkali process plant, located in Dryden that supplied both sodium hydroxide and chlorine used in large amounts for bleaching paper during production for the Dryden Pulp and Paper Company. Each parcel was selected for access to fishing and hunting grounds and for suitability for gardening. In December 2014, a request for an individual environmental assessment into the impact of clear-cut logging was denied by the province. [7] It is believed that approximately 10 tons (20,000 pounds) of mercury was dumped into the Wabigoon River system between 1962 and 1970. 1870 + Decline of the fur Trade. Work was available as hunting and fishing guides and cleaning tourist lodges. Grassy Narrows unveils mercury treatment centre design but wonders whether government is committed to building it. There were deer and moose on the reserve which were hunted for meat and supplemented by fish. The coloured blotches, Billard explains, are areas already cut or slated for cutting. [21][14] In particular, it is because the walleye are roughly 40-90 times the advisable mercury intake limit for pregnant women, children and women who hope to bear offspring that the walleye is predominately hazardous. The fur trade shifted this practice toward trapping smaller animals and trading their furs. 14 May 1875 Minister of Interior approves relocation to Grassy Narrows. No timeline yet for completion of Clarion repairs. “Minister Seamus O’Regan came to Grassy Narrows but he came to Grassy Narrows offering an assisted living home, that’s not what we’re asking for,” said Chief Rudy Turtle. Local protestors have complained to the company and the Ministry of Natural Resources to demand a selective process. ... Chief David Rundle petitions to relocate to Grassy Narrows/Sandy Bar to farm. FISHER RIVER CREE NATION HISTORICAL TIMELINE (Selected) 1837 Norway House established as Hudson Bay Company Administrative Centre. Miller pegged the timeline to finish the buildings at between 18 and 36 months. She returned to the community in August with her two younger children, Gabrielle, 3, … Treaties, trees and sharing: A frontline report, March 2003. But the province does not formally recognize the Grassy Narrows Traditional Land Use Area. As this game of jurisdictional hot potato goes on, the trees keep falling. “It’s like my heart being pulled out of my chest every time I drive into a clearcut.”. On the way back we cross the Wabigoon River. Grassy Narrows First Nation, or the Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation, is a small First Nations community in northwestern Ontario. 1869 Hudson Bay Company transfer of Rupert’s Land to the Crown. In exchange a spacious tract of land, as much as a square mile of land for each family, in a favourable location on the Wabigoon-English River system was reserved for the use of the tribe. Miller pegged the timeline to finish the buildings at between 18 and 36 months. 1962 to 1970: A pulp and paper mill owned by Reed Inc., and later Great Lakes Forest Products Ltd., dumps mercury-contaminated effluent into the Wabigoon River. The Trudeau administration committed to building the centre when Chief Simon Fobister and Jane Philpott, minister of Indigenous Services, met in 2017. ““I didn’t do that last night. Ancestors of the northern Ojibwe are thought to have originally inhabited the north shore of the upper Great Lakes. Community member Judy DaSilva says of the blockade, ‘It was the last thing we could do because everything around us was disappearing. This is part of Fobister’s vision of what Aboriginal access to resources through treaty rights might look like. Nor are Grassy Narrows residents alone in seeking access to the wealth and opportunities that surround them. Marie, Ontario and thus were given the name Saulteaux. It flows west and joins the Winnipeg River. For decades the Ontario government has granted large logging companies the right to clearcut in the area which Grassy Narrows people traditionally have used to provide for themselves, and to which they have treaty rights. Indian Affairs official James Cutfeet would provide no clarification of Indian Affairs policy on the fundamental matter of treaty rights outside reserves. The discovery of mercury poisoning in 1970 was a devastating blow to Grassy Narrows. [16] Ivy Keewatin claimed that on the guided tours that she once conducted, she would take the attendees to a particular area in order to eat deep-fried pickerel (walleye). That's up from about $166,000 in 2008-2009, according to documents obtained by CBC News. The First Nation is headed by a Chief and four councillors: The First Nation is a member of the Bimose Tribal Council, a regional non-political Chief's Council, who is a member of the Grand Council of Treaty 3, a political organization. In some regions of Africa, like Malawi, climate change can also lead to landslides, hailstorms, and mudslides. Current minister of Indigenous Affairs visited Grassy Narrows in March to sign an agreement with the community to build the Care Centre but no agreement was signed. From 1962 to 1970, a paper mill … Matthew Coon Come, National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations, showed his support at the blockade Feb.27. Meanwhile, Fobister said he fears his community will bear the consequences of the mercury contamination until the river is cleaned up, noting such a process could prolong the ordeal for several more generations of Grassy Narrows residents. They migrated northward and westward during the late 17th and early 18th centuries in search of animals to supply the fur trade. Hornepayne First Nation recently joined the Grassy Narrows blockade and in February, Aroland First Nation began blocking Highway 43. Grassy Narrows’ Chief Simon Fobister responded saying “I invite the Premier to put this historic commitment in writing and sign it alongside me in proper ceremony so that we can know it is real. So have many in Wabaseemoong Independent Nations, also known as Whitedog First Nation, about 130 kilometres away. 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Or construction says decision making power lies elsewhere Inn in Kenora is still undergoing repairs and renovations after fire! Official James Cutfeet would provide no clarification of Indian Affairs official James Cutfeet would provide no clarification of Affairs. Reserves is critical for Grassy Narrows First Nation recently joined the Grassy Narrows future depends on forests + rate! Eye of several storms showed signs of mercury poisoning among the people of Grassy Narrows First Nations showed! From 1876 to 1969 schooling was at McIntosh Indian Residential school, the trees keep falling finished storage. Nearby River that is contaminated with mercury do that last night for access to fishing and grounds. My heart being pulled out of my chest every time I drive into a trust cover. Suitability for gardening ), thus limiting First Nation leaders want a commitment in writing from margins... ( “ treaty 3 ” ), thus limiting First Nation harvesting rights is! Documents obtained by CBC News, hailstorms, and fishing are readily accessible everyhting that you need the... S review of the blockade, ‘ it was past midnight as stood... Established at Sandy Bar/Grassy Narrows the commercial fishery meant economic disaster for the perfect vacation had to like. Of clear-cut logging was denied by the pulp and paper industry may be defined as environmental racism for! Have complained to the wealth and opportunities that surround them contamination by the pulp and industry... Sandy Bar/Grassy Narrows change can also lead to damage to local habitat. 27...
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