Classical Model ����+����j�~M�}_�'A����}y�9$�u/��c Tropical Depression off Madagascar developing in to a Tropical Cyclone - January 2013. For our hazardous weather report we have chosen Mid-latitude Cyclones they can be large systems causing widespread destruction. 502. 2. MID-LATITUDE CYCLONE NSC Common Test March 2018 1.3 Refer to FIGURE 1.3 showing a mid-latitude cyclone 1.3.1 Identify the front labelled X 1.39 Describe the air movement around the low pressure. Stages of development & Associated weather patterns. <>
People and Places. The weather associated with these disturbances will vary, depending on the temperature, moisture, and stability characteristics of the two air masses involved in their creation. endobj
This figure contains three cross sections that capture different stages in the process of occlusion. 10 0 obj
The air north of the warm front is cool but not cold because it is blocked from receiving a fresh supply of cold air from the air mass to the west. endobj
(�i�g��r�M���Bl�bI�%��@�蒪����g��{�nEV=0�]�X䒾)c �"���K���~�RF怒��.�p��1-��#�`|E�<2Ň��'M�a4sja֏P������� The four stages in the life cycle of an extratropical cyclone are: (1) the initial state, (2) the incipient stage, (3) the mature stage, and (4) the occlusion stage. � cyclone formation (cyclogenesis) begins as a cyclonic wave develops and amplifies. This satellite image shows clouds and precipitation at the same time as represented by the weather map on the left. 9 0 obj
These tracks shift with the seasons, being more northerly in the summer and southerly in the winter. Mid-latitude Cyclones are normally 1500 to 5000 km in diameter whereas Tropical Cyclones are normally 200 - 1000 km in diameter. endobj
Stage begins when the cold front starts to overrun the warm front Partially occluded wave cyclone • Cold-occluded front – Approach brings weather sequence like a warm front – Frontal passage brings weather more like a cold front • Warm-occluded fronts also possible Cold-occluded front The final decay stage of the cyclone. The passage of a mid-latitude cyclone over Saint Louis would probably begin with this: deepening cloud cover with possible light rain showers. The map on the left shows several fronts as decorated lines, areas of high and low pressure, and isobars as thin lines. this report the focus will be on the mid-latitude cyclone variant, however the subtropical variant will also be addressed shortly (see 4.2). At some point along this boundary, a small amount of surface convergence occurs because of local circulation features that push one air mass into the other, because of topographic influences, or by some other local mechanism. We also take a look at the stages of development and phenomena associated with Tropical Cyclones. endobj
The systems developing in the mid and high latitude (35° latitude and 65° latitude in both hemispheres), beyond the tropics are called the Temperate Cyclones or Extra Tropical Cyclones or Mid-Latitude Cyclones or Frontal Cyclones or Wave Cyclones. Synoptic Chart Examples. showing a mid-latitude cyclonic storm with its weather fronts over the Atlantic Ocean during March, 2005. 2.1.2 Frequency and occurrence Seen on a global scale, mesoscale cellular convection occurs daily and mostly over oceans, in more or less equator ward flows. At segment EF, the two air masses are fully beneath the warm air, lifting it higher. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 21 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>>
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ە*����Ae� Title: Midlatitude Cyclones 1 Mid-latitude Cyclones. On the satellite image, dense cumuliform clouds (along the south edge of the image) form along the cold front, while indistinct stratiform clouds form along the warm front and in the cool sector. Cyclone: intense low pressure cell where air rise and clouds form Mid altitude cyclones: intense low pressure storms system that develops along the polar front and influences weather in the mid-latitudes (30º - 60ºN/S) Backing of wind: wind changes direction due the clockwise movement of air around a low pressure in the southern hemisphere. 2 0 obj
They provided the first conceptual model of the life-cycle of an extratropical cyclone, describing how cyclones form as disturbances to the polar front. An important influence on the development of a mid-latitude cyclonic storm is the upper-air flow, including the jet stream. Mid-latitude cyclones typically form off the Rockies. 2. Cyclones can be the most intense storms on Earth.A cyclone is a system of winds rotating counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere around a low pressure center.The swirling air rises and cools, creating clouds and precipitation. 5. Life Cycle Stages of Midlatitude Cyclone Incipient Mature Occluded Dissipating 17 Occluded Stage • Cyclone is mature, precipitation and winds are most intense. middle-latitude regions of the globe (roughly 30 – 70 latitude). <>
A low pressure system in which the winds flow counterclockwise in the N. Hem. Due to the subsidence within this type of system, a cap can develop which inhibits free convection and hence mixing of the lower with the middle level troposphere. 4 Mid-latitude Cyclones. Mid-latitude cyclone goes through a series of stages from birth, to maturity, to death as an occluded storm. FAST MOVING and usually dont have too much precip associated with them because they are far from a moisture source Form along the southern coast where there is a thermal boundary between the warm ocean and cool land. The scientific study of mid-latitude cyclones began in the early 20th century with the work of Bjerknes (1919) and Bjerknes and Solberg (1922) at the Bergen School of Meteorology. A mid-latitude cyclone is a large-scale low pressure system that travels eastward around the planet between 30 and 70 degrees latitude. In this cross section, the cold front is moving to the east and the warm front is moving to the north, but the cold front is moving faster and so it is getting closer to the warm front. Both cyclones are visible in the satellite image above. Occluded front near the center of the low pressure. Eventually, the cold fronts will catch up with, and even overtake, the warm fronts as both flow counterclockwise around the low-pressure areas. <>
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In occlusion, the moisture is moved counterclockwise around the low, so that the heaviest precipitation may be northwest of the low. Geography / Grade 12 / Climate and weather. These cyclones are large-scale systems that typically travels eastward over greart distance and bring precipitations over wide areas. Mid-latitude Cyclones - Introduction • Important for global heat transport • They also redistribute/reduce energy in the atmosphere • Often are significant weather producers • … 7. Because cyclones are a … This causes steep environmental lapse rates, destabilizing the atmosphere and strengthening a cyclone passing over the Great Lakes. endobj
As this air begins to converge from all directions, the Coriolis effect causes the air to have an apparent deflection to the right. endobj
• A mid-latitude cyclone is born in a region where their is a strong temperature gradient with forced lifting, perhaps an old stationary front • At the polar front! *���C�d�&w7��/+����K�����o�t>��-~~K���{ ��#�w-b?�%�R�!�S����:rQ!FP]"ޔ`%���iԤ��� j��ˬ�R�.u߿-��7���\(���u]9� [�{���|C�{1�05�S?z2�:�l[ 7r��؈��*@�X��n�n;ޱ�l��Ɩ����/y,-��.�@�tYzLA4�#lb�6���a��,��1��p�\A\�����㚧�^w�uˍl>C�}tW
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2.3.1 State the hemisphere (north or south) in which the mid-latitude cyclone developed. • Cyclogenesis occurs ATMO 1300 Mid Latitude Cyclone Life Cycle • Cold air continues to move south, and warm air north. <>
Summer Lows. View the animation below in a larger format. 19 East of the Rockies - Cold Occluded Fronts Formation of Occluded Fronts 20 η)z[j�9��?1^�p�P�$�HF�P馹�dd es�Ip�R�D��HA)l��]�(�Q��呒R@]�Y�HM)��6�J���*ҨD�J�aO�F%b���mV����'jWDl���]�]�U�vE�v9��4튈�ra�+"�˹H�n�vyQ�j7b�63�ڍ�.�-Kڛ���2�È4*�Z�����J"(#f�d���3f\'�eČԧi��3��M�[�kT�̘c�S��6*mf�����H�R�63��XW��Pi3㚊6P�$Qi3㚊�wJ���k*�LԮj�ݚ 5 Tropical Cyclones. In winter, especially early winter, the Great Lakes are much warmer than the air above them or the land beside them. endobj
This temperature gradient can become concentrated within zones called fronts where the temperature changes rapidly and the wind abruptly shifts direction. [ 13 0 R]
The Great Lakes in the north-central part of the U.S. are famous for interacting with winter storms, producing intense snowfall called lake-effect snows. Note that cyclone B, now east of the continent, has a more curved shape than cyclone A, an indication that it is even more mature. A new area of low pressure may form where all three fronts meet, ��M�Dv� __���q�`%��Cqp����|u���9��$����.ίZ���'���i���%X�ְ&9q� ŎE��������ĝAx[�Ā�l��CM� 4 0 obj
Stage Two • An instability (kink) forms • Warm air pushes to the northeast • Cold air pushes to the southwest • This will create the ONCE FORMED, MID-LATITUDE CYCLONES migrate across the surface and commonly evolve through a series of steps, due to the way that winds circulate around the area of low pressure. Having flowed across the Great Lakes, the moist, destabilized air is pushed inland by an approaching anticyclone, depositing snow on adjacent downwind land, especially where topography, such as the mountains of upstate New York, cause orographic enhancement. As the warm air is forced up, it cools, forming clouds and precipitation. Related Resources. Mid-Latitude Wave Cyclone. 1 Processes and Spatial Patterns. 15 0 obj
This review of the physical stages of the storm lifecycle is illustrated by the stages of Hurricane Rita (2005). endobj
Indeed, that was the case when a strong mid-latitude cyclone swept across the central and eastern U.S. from April 25-28, 2011. Mid-latitude Cyclones. This process is called occlusion, and a front that has experienced occlusion is an occluded front. a mid-latitude baroclinic cyclone (or just cyclone). Heavy precipitation stems from cumulus development in association with the cold front. At a later time, the low pressure has moved east and intensified with a stronger pressure gradient, causing more surface air to move toward it. TRIPLE POINT In fact, the Pueblo, Colorado, National Weather Service station recorded that the barometric pressure dropped to only 968 millibars of pressure . � ke�Ѽ�Lupx�-�65���TPJ��Å7~���mvc̐T��0d�+�ً�r7�6��\��!�Sܝ! How A Mid-Latitude Cyclone Is Formed. Tropical Depression off Madagascar developing in to a Tropical Cyclone - January 2013. A low pressure usually dies out in the high terrain of the Rocky Mountains, but then re-energizes as it moves down wind of the mountain range due to the warm, moist, and unstable air mass to the east of the mountains. Formation of Fronts: Mid-latitude cyclones or Temperate cyclones have a converging counterclockwise circulation pattern in the Northern Hemisphere. <>
Midlatitude cyclones of the northern hemisphere are located between 30 degrees and 60 degrees latitude. (1 x 1) (1) 2.3.2 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 2.3.1. Describe the life cycle of a mid-latitude cyclone. 18 Occluded Stage • Cyclone is mature, precipitation and winds are most intense. 20 0 obj
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The cool sector is in front of (north of ) the warm front — neither the warm front nor the cold front have passed through this sector. 4. 8 0 obj
Previous Post is ‹ Mid-latitude Cyclones. <>
The life cycle of a mid-latitude cyclone can be be summarized five steps: a) The mid-latitude cyclone develops along the polar front. Here, cold and warmer air masses meet along a stationary front labeled “Cyclone A.” At some point along this boundary, a small amount of surface convergenceoccurs because of local circulation features that push one air mass into the other, because of topographic influences, or by som… In general, a cyclone is an area of low atmospheric pressure, characterized by inward spiraling winds. Hurricane intensifying over the warmer ocean of the Gulf of Mexico. A mid-latitude cyclone begins when a relatively cold air massand a warmer one meet along a frontal boundary. 7 0 obj
(BoM 2016, p.24). 4 Mid-latitude Cyclones. <>
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1. The life-cycle of a mid-latitude cyclone can be divided into 6 stages: ð stationary front, with opposing shear across the front. Mid Latitude Cyclone Lifecycle Mid-latitude cyclones evolve through different phases: Phase I: East-west stationary frontal zone with warm air south and cold air north strong temperature gradient is present Phase II: A kink develops on the isotherms (lines of constant temperature) as warm and cold fronts develop and move. 3 0 obj
The cumuliform cloudiness associated with the cold front more or less merges with the stratiform clouds associated with the warm front. They provided the first conceptual model of the life-cycle of an extratropical cyclone, describing how cyclones form as disturbances to the polar front. A mid-latitude cyclone begins when a relatively cold air mass and a warmer one meet along a frontal boundary. The largest amounts of lake-effect snow occur after mid-latitude cyclones and associated cold fronts have moved eastward across the Great Lakes, and higher pressure behind them begins to approach the area. Mid-Latitude Cyclones Mid-latitude cyclones form along a boundary separating polar air from warmer air to the south. Although not obvious on this image, cyclone A now has distinct cold, warm, and cool sectors of air. Step 5: Occluded stage Mid-latitude cyclone most intense here. A mid-latitude cyclone is a weather system that consists of a low pressure cell with winds circulating in a counter-clockwise direction (in the northern hemisphere, opposite in the southern) around the center. As a cyclone moves across one of the lakes, it encounters water temperatures that are somewhat warmer than the air or the surrounding land. 6 Subtropical anticyclones and the resultant weather over South Africa. The movement of the two air masses causes a clear bend in the front, an indication that cyclone A has matured into a mid-latitude cyclone. An important influence on the development of a mid-latitude cyclonic storm is the upper-air flow, including the jet stream. Summer Lows. Occluded Stage: As the mid-latitude cyclone reaches maturity, the central pressure will be at its lowest and the occluded front will begin to form (as the cold front catches up to the warm front, closing warm sector). Why make MCMS? However, the diagram represents graphically the life cycle of an extratropical cyclone in the northern hemisphere. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
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Coastal Lows. Page 2 of 47 Table of Contents CLIMATE AND WEATHER Mid-latitude Cyclones ¡ general characteristics ¡ areas where mid-latitude cyclones form; ¡ conditions necessary for their formation; ¡ stages of development and related weather conditions; ¡ weather patterns associated with cold, warm, and occluded fronts; and ¡ reading and interpreting satellite images and synoptic weather maps. endobj
Weather and Storms Mid-Latitude Cyclones Fronts • They separate air masses of different densities • The boundary of the front slopes so Tmart Science Meteorology 15 - describes the formation and frontal interactions in mid-latitude weather systems. Mid Latitude Cyclone Life Cycle • A kink forms on the front and cold air starts to move southward. Circulation around the cyclone will steer the trailing fronts in a counterclockwise direction (in the Northern Hemisphere), while west-to-east motion of the westerlies and Rossby waves shift the entire storm system from west to east. transition (the movement of the tropical cyclone from the tropics to the mid -latitudes). Fronts develop and low pressure develops in the center. 5 0 obj
On average, depending on the season, 2 - 3 mid-latitude cyclones move west to east across North America per week. On the other side (east of the low), warm air pushes northward, forming a north-moving warm front. Strong mid-latitude cyclones moving through the central United States can provide ideal conditions for large outbreaks of severe weather, including tornadoes. ð cyclone formation (cyclogenesis) begins as a cyclonic wave develops and amplifies. An intense mid-latitude cyclone may have a surface pressure as low as 970 millibars, compared to an average sea-level pressure of 1013 millibars. Mature cyclone develops: initial occlusion, stronges stage 5. endobj
Chapter 10: Mid-latitude Cyclones - … mature mid-latitude cyclone. There are two types of cyclones: middle latitude (mid-latitude) cyclones and tropical cyclones. Low deepens to its lowest pressure. endobj
The peak rotational velocity of the main cyclone system was 28.2 m/s (101 kms per hour), which the Bureau of … developmental stages of middle latitude cyclones ; How upper level convergent winds, abrupt topographic features, and planetary longwaves may enhance cyclonic development at the surface; 2 Polar Front Theory (Norwegian) Figure 13.1C-Open Wave. MCMS rests on two operations: 1) finding and tracking cyclones and 2) objectively delineating the area under each cycloneʼs influence. stream
Mid-latitude cyclones are also known as depressions or low pressure systems. View Lec23_MLC.pdf from ANYTHING 100 at Howard University. Figure 13.1D- Mature Cyclone. Low deepens to its lowest pressure. 21 0 obj
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With time, the westerlies push both weather systems toward the east or northeast. endobj
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Some occluded fronts can continue to strengthen for some time. what stage is most intense? In which stage of development is the mid-latitude cyclone 1.3.3 (a) shown in FIGURE 1.3. 5 Tropical Cyclones. The term "cyclone" applies to numerous types of low pressure areas, one of which is the extratropical cyclone.The descriptor extratropical signifies that this type of cyclone generally occurs outside the tropics and in the middle latitudes of Earth between 30° and 60° latitude. The “cold” sector is behind (west of ) the cold front, whereas the “warm” sector is behind (south of ) the warm front. ... development of a mid‐latitude cyclone, they may span tornadoes. ð distinct poleward moving warm and equatorward moving cold fronts develop forming low pressure at apex. Coastal Lows. Lasting a week or more. Mid Latitude Cyclone Lifecycle Mid-latitude cyclones evolve through different phases: Phase I: East-west stationary frontal zone with warm air south and cold air north strong temperature gradient is present Phase II: A kink develops on the isotherms (lines of constant temperature) as warm and cold fronts develop and move. Figure 18.9 on pg. Occluded fronts, like that near cyclone B on the map above, are purple on weather maps with the triangles and semicircles pointing in the direction that the system is moving. 6 Subtropical anticyclones and the resultant weather over South Africa. 3. Lasting a week or more. � distinct poleward moving warm and equatorward moving cold fronts develop forming low pressure at apex. varieties of cyclones, tropical and mid‐latitudinal. Where Do Mid-Latitude Cyclones Form and Cross North America? 3. 19 0 obj
Note that the clouds and precipitation are associated with both cyclones on this map (cyclone A over Texas, and cyclone B over New England). 3. endobj
Occluded fronts, however, can have a wide variety of cloudy features. Here, cold and warmer air masses meet along a stationary front labeled “Cyclone A.”. Mid-latitude cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere typically travel primarily in this direction: This convergence causes the low pressure to intensify. In the first stage of development, ... serve to explain the occurrence of cyclone scale disturbances in mid latitudes. Mid-latitude cyclones form only occasionally, but usually the extreme temperance differences between what the Northern pole area of North America is producing versus what the Equator area of our hemisphere is producing. endobj
Thepolar front theorysays that mid-latitude cyclones form on boundaries between warm and cold air.The life-cycle of a mid-latitude cyclone can be divided into 6 stages… To visualize what occurs, move through the three cross sections, which represent different places, but also successive stages in the occlusion process. What are the various types of weather associated with the cyclone at this stage? is a low pressure cell that forms & moves along a frontal boundary. 4. These operations are elaborated below. Are mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, these are low pressure systems that travel from west to east (lasting a week or longer) Polar Front Theory A theory developed off of Bjerkenes and co., where cyclones develop in conjunction with fronts (primarily the polar front) Mid-latitude cyclones are also known as depressions or low pressure systems. Fronts develop and low pressure develops in the center. <>
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A new area of low pressure may form where all three fronts meet, called the triple point. Isobars close the low and are typically kinked in relation to the fronts due to steep temperature gradients. This spiral rotates clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere. N˨80� >��uZP���I��K��rS]����MH*��� x��ZYo�F~��Џd`Q�n���,��*�cA���PcjFr����˭���5l!`��t]�WM��m��:�����Y�d�m�bN/7��^>��o��r�5�f�� {��=�<>:}������3�8��狀�A��w�G>�����G���.>>z����9;��}�i��ݼh�R/�&����>�����Q����37pr�$t�? • Cyclogenesis occurs ATMO 1300 Mid Latitude Cyclone Life Cycle • Cold air continues to move south, and warm air north. Frontal wave develops on the front 3. 2. 16 0 obj
1. Synoptic Chart Examples. Occlusion begins nearest to the low-pressure core because there the cold front has the least distance to catch up to the warm front, and it proceeds away from the low over time. <>
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These stages are associated with changes in the storm int ensity and structure. Regions which are prone to almost daily (b) Give ONE reason for your answer to QUESTION 1.3.3(a) <>
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���b�I���x��m���7.J�ޑ�����}y. The weather associated with these disturbances will vary, depending on the temperature, moisture, and stability characteristics of the two air masses involved in their creation. The scientific study of mid-latitude cyclones began in the early 20th century with the work of Bjerknes (1919) and Bjerknes and Solberg (1922) at the Bergen School of Meteorology. Open wave and precipitation develop 4. 2.3 Refer to FIGURE 2.3 which illustrates two stages in the development of a mid-latitude cyclone. Accompanied by a warm front and a cold front ; The major weather producer for the U.S. 2. 17 0 obj
Stages of the Wave Cyclone Life Cycle (takes about 3-7 days to go from stage 1 to stage 6 **know this number)(know stages 3,4,5) Stage 1. Notice on the satellite image that the sky over the occluded front is filled with clouds. endobj
Mid-Latitude Cyclones. 6. People and Places. Warm air starts to move northward. Cyclones derive their energy from the potential energy in the pole-to-equator temperature gradient. This results in counterclockwise flow that pushes cold air southward, turning one segment of the stationary front into an eastwardadvancing cold front. Fronts are actually part of the mid-latitude cyclone. �,/]�X� This wind flow pattern brings together cool air from the north and warm air from the south. Advancing cold air can easily displace warmer air, but the warmer air has more difficulty moving the cool air; with time the cold front advances faster than the warm front, as in cyclone B. When this happens, the warmer air mass is lifted above the surface, because it is less dense than both the cold air and the “cool” air. x��]o�8��@��Ņ��EQ u���5ݶI�(�}pm'�c�����ݿ�Ҳ�X���x9Def83�/��Y5���+����yU�����rv5������~x��w3����t��9y�K^\�t�~a�qru}�a��?F���HE�w'������I�KF�?�կ'�W�K^]t�Y`�Ӫ��ŧ椤�n�����n��9� �6�,a�s���S�U#|���l��(?e�{��S�����̦3ҝN \fC�W����q~����� 1��7�;Fp�p��r���!�������!�&D����'79��.�Uj]�-�+M�����Ea�%W�/Yw�����a�;nsQd3P�r"ܠԷ���������~P�
�B�"��>��N��I����? This happens... See full answer below. Step 5: Occluded stage Mid-latitude cyclone most intense here. This is largely due to water changing temperature more slowly than air or land from fall to winter. Revision Video . In the first stage of development, ... serve to explain the occurrence of cyclone scale disturbances in mid latitudes. <>
Lighter precipitation is associated with stratus clouds of the warm front. Occluded front near the center of the low pressure. <>
The map on the left shows several fronts as decorated lines, areas of high and low pressure, and isobars as thin lines. polar lows are intense subsynoptic-scale cyclones that form over high-latitude oceans in association with deep cumulus convection and strong ambient baroclinicity. Xtra Geography: In this lesson we take a look at Mid-latitude Cyclones and discuss the stages of development as well as associated conditions. Figure 13.1B-Frontal Wave. Figure 13.1A-Cylconic Shear. Cold and warm air flow in opposite directions along a stationary front 2. Mid-Latitude Cyclones Mid-latitude cyclones form along a boundary separating polar air from warmer air to the south. 18 0 obj
The systems developing in the mid and high latitude (35° latitude and 65° latitude in both hemispheres), beyond the tropics are called the Temperate Cyclones or Extra Tropical Cyclones or Mid-Latitude Cyclones or Frontal Cyclones or Wave Cyclones. These cyclones are large-scale systems that typically travels eastward over greart distance and bring precipitations over wide areas. mPjz�(~�,� These were then driven by the intense and powerful mid-latitude cyclone that directly impacted the state on 29 September (BoM 2016, p. 1). An extratropical cyclone (also called a mid-latitude cyclone) is a type of cyclone.It is a large low-pressure weather area with clouds, rain and heavy wind.They occur in areas that are between latitudes 30° – 60° from the equator.They are not the same as tropical cyclones or low-pressure weather areas from polar zones. Though many mid-latitude cyclones never occlude, occlusion often, but not always, signals the end of the mid-latitude cyclone's life, because by this time the cold air has warmed and the warm air has cooled. <>
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