hdl metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport

HDL Metabolism: Reverse cholesterol transport. The third theme is the growing appreciation that insulin resistance underlies the majority of cases of low HDL-c in humans and the mechanisms by which insulin resistance influences HDL metabolism. Increasing the circulating levels of HDL, as well as the efficiency of the RCT process, could result in a reduction in the development of coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. Regulation of cholesterol levels is a complicated process, involving cholesterol uptake, biosynthesis, transport, metabolism, and secretion, and has been well described in several recent reviews. Biomedicines. cholesterol in liver. HDL particle size is a critical determinant of ABCA1-mediated macrophage cellular cholesterol export. Takiguchi S, Ayaori M, Yakushiji E, Nishida T, Nakaya K, Sasaki M, Iizuka M, Uto-Kondo H, Terao Y, Yogo M, Komatsu T, Ogura M, Ikewaki K. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Postprandial dyslipidemia in insulin resistant states in adolescent populations. 2009 Jun;11(6):534-43. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.01012.x. Wang N, Ranalletta M, Matsuura F, Peng F, Tall AR. Wang N, Lan D, Chen W, Matsuura F, Tall AR. 2018;1(1):106. doi: 10.31531/2581-4745.1000106. 2020 Aug 30;21(17):6275. doi: 10.3390/ijms21176275. The Framingham Heart Study in the 1960s was the first study to report inverse associations between cardiovascular risk and plasma HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Int J Mol Sci. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Here, we studied the effect of dietary unsaturated fat compared with carbohydrate on the metabolism of HDL containing apoE. Sterically stabilized recombined HDL composed of modified apolipoprotein A-I for efficient targeting toward glioma cells. Cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues to plasma, 2. 2006 Apr;84(4):276-94. doi: 10.1007/s00109-005-0030-4. One area of agreement is that reverse cholesterol transport remains a primary hypothesis for an anti-atherogenic role of HDL. Mokkala K, Juhila J, Houttu N, Sorsa T, Laitinen K. Heliyon. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in Allergy and Skin Diseases: Focus on Immunomodulating Functions. Author information. This review describes abnormalities in HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport, i.e. Second, cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP) mediates the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to apoB-containing lipoproteins in exchange for triglycerides. HDL that contains apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a subspecies especially active in steps in reverse cholesterol transport, a process that brings cholesterol from peripheral cells to the liver. 2018 Jul;38(7):1454-1467. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311056. 2 RCT is defined as the process by … 2020 Oct 14;21(20):7606. doi: 10.3390/ijms21207606. 2004;110:1868–73. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Eur J Clin Invest. Thus, malfunction in HDL turnover during reverse cholesterol transport may contribute to the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques, and subsequent cardiovascular disease in insulin resistant individuals. Theyeffectively function in homeostasis and lipid metabolism. 2020 Nov 19;21(22):8737. doi: 10.3390/ijms21228737. | The initial step in HDL metabolism involves the formation of small lipid-poor nascent HDL … Kudinov VA, Alekseeva OY, Torkhovskaya TI, Baskaev KK, Artyushev RI, Saburina IN, Markin SS. | Targeting HDL Metabolism and Reverse Cholesterol Transport. USA.gov. Li J, Han M, Li J, Ge Z, Wang Q, Zhou K, Yin X. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04788. Lipoproteins containing apoA-I [highdensity lipoprotein (HDL)] are key mediators in RCT, whereas non-high-density lipoproteins (non-HDL, lipoproteins containing apoB) are involved in the lipid delivery pathway. Escolà-Gil JC, Rotllan N, Julve J, Blanco-Vaca F. Atherosclerosis. Strong experimental evidence confirms that HDL directly alleviates atherosclerosis. 96.3.2 High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Metabolism “ Reverse cholesterol transport ” (RCT) describes cholesterol transport in HDL from peripheral cells back to the liver for secretion in bile (17). The cardioprotective role of HDL is thought to be related at least in part to the role of HDL in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), the process by which cholesterol is removed from peripheral cells and transported to the liver for metabolism and excretion in the bile [ 13, 14 ]. Front Physiol. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. HDL in the high (if not the “extremely high”) range usually correlates with efficient reverse cholesterol transport and has benefits for cardiovascular health, inflammation, antioxidant status etc, but people with HDL outside (higher or lower than) the ideal range can be equally healthy if their overall metabolic health (insulin sensitivity) is good. Co-Administration of Propionate or Protocatechuic Acid Does Not Affect DHA-Specific Transcriptional Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Cultured Hepatic Cells. HDL helps in reverse cholesterol transport from extrahepatic tissues to the liver. -, Castelli WP, Anderson K, Wilson PW, Levy D. Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. -, Hansson GK. Ann Epidemiol. Epub 2009 Jan 19. HHS 1978;47:751–7. Int J Mol Sci. HDL particles display diverse atheroprotective functions in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic processes. Apolipoprotein A-II is a key regulatory factor of HDL metabolism as appears from studies with transgenic animals and clinical outcomes. Du XM, Kim MJ, Hou L, Le Goff W, Chapman MJ, Van Eck M, Curtiss LK, Burnett JR, Cartland SP, Quinn CM, Kockx M, Kontush A, Rye KA, Kritharides L, Jessup W. Circ Res. 1. 2020 Aug 30;6(8):e04788. 2020 Dec 1;8(12):558. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8120558. Epub 2006 Feb 25. NIH It competes with plasminogen by binding sites, reducing the plasmin generation and inhibiting fibrinolysis, therefore, the thrombus form… 2014 Jan;96:56-66. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.08.027. The Framingham Study. A key to effective treatment of cardiovascular disease is to understand the body's complex lipoprotein transport system. 2 authors. Lipoproteins containing apoA-I [highdensity lipoprotein (HDL)] are key mediators in RCT, whereas non-high-density lipoproteins (non-HDL, lipoproteins containing apoB) are involved in the lipid delivery pathway. Diabetes Obes Metab. Targeting high-density lipoproteins: update on a promising therapy. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important protective role against atherosclerosis, and the anti‐atherogenic properties of HDL include the promotion of cellular cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), as well as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and anticoagulant effects. Schematic presentation of reverse cholesterol…, Schematic presentation of reverse cholesterol transport, Prof. Dr. Hasan Veysi Güneş’s collections, NLM 2020 Sep 26;12(10):2952. doi: 10.3390/nu12102952. NLM | National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. HDL have animportant role in carrier in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)and act as a carrier of cholesterol back to the liver. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the process of cholesterol movement from the extrahepatic tissues back to the liver. 2020 Oct 19;11:564604. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.564604. Epub 2009 Mar 21. Regulatory Roles of Related Long Non-coding RNAs in the Process of Atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, we show that intravascular lipolysis by adipocyte lipoprotein lipase and hepatic uptake of HDL by scavenger receptor B-I are the driving forces of HDL-cholesterol disposal in liver. Furthermore, although efflux of cholesterol from macrophages represents only a tiny fraction of overall cellular cholesterol efflux, it is the most important with regard to atherosclerosis, suggesting that it be specifically termed macrophage RCT. -, Libby P. Inflammation in atherosclerosis. | This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Meng Q, Pu L, Luo X, Wang B, Li F, Liu B. in reverse cholesterol transport. Reverse cholesterol transport is facilitated by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Epub 2004 Jun 21. Hepatic Overexpression of Endothelial Lipase Lowers High-Density Lipoprotein but Maintains Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Mice: Role of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I/ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1-Dependent Pathways. -. USA.gov. National Center for Biotechnology Information, Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. A cell cannot metabolize cholesterol to energy theway it Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, Larrea-Sebal A, Siddiqi H, Uribe KB, Ostolaza H, Martín C. Int J Mol Sci. Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Potential Link Between Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 and Alzheimer's Disease. Epub 2015 Jan 14. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This site needs JavaScript to work properly. HDL heterogeneity is the result of the activity of several factors that assemble and remodel HDL particles in plasma: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), hepatic lipase (HL), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), endothelial lipase (EL), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI). Furthermore, thermogenic stimulation promotes HDL-cholesterol clearance and increases macrophage-to-faeces reverse cholesterol transport in mice. Reverse cholesterol transport in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In vivo macrophage-specific RCT and antioxidant and antiinflammatory HDL activity measurements: New tools for predicting HDL atheroprotection. This review will emphasize 3 major evolving themes regarding HDL metabolism and RCT. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 2015 Mar 27;116(7):1133-42. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305485. COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. 2013 Nov;106(11):601-11. doi: 10.1016/j.acvd.2013.06.052. HHS Epub 2013 Sep 5. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the process of cholesterol movement from the extrahepatic tissues back to the liver. Reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Verdier C, Martinez LO, Ferrières J, Elbaz M, Genoux A, Perret B. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. Progress in our understanding of HDL metabolism and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport will increase the likelihood of developing novel therapies to raise plasma HDL concentrations and promote macrophage RCT and in proving that these new therapeutic interventions prevent or cause regression of atherosclerosis in humans. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the process of cholesterol movement from the extrahepatic tissues back to the liver. This review will emphasize 3 major evolving themes regarding HDL metabolism … 2020 Jan 30;34(5):328-342. doi: 10.7555/JBR.34.20190094. 2020 Dec;27(1):530-541. doi: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1745330. ATP-binding cassette transporters G1 and G4 mediate cellular cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoproteins. the transport of cholesterol from peripheral cells back to the liver for metabolism and biliary excretion, in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epub 2006 Mar 23. Annu Rev Biochem. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) may counteract the pathogen … Both alterations of lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory events contribute to the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal amounts of cholesterol … 2006 Jun;26(6):1310-6. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000218998.75963.02. 2002;420:868–74. Results of clinical trials should be awaited before further clinical management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. My position is that reverse cholesterol transport has to be important because of this incredible architecture of receptors and transport proteins that have built up around the role of HDL and reverse cholesterol transport. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. Early pregnancy serum IGFBP-1 relates to lipid profile in overweight and obese women. Millar CL 1, Duclos Q 1, Blesso CN 2. Epub 2013 Sep 25. In certain inflammatory disease states, however, HDL particles may become dysfunctional and proatherogenic. N Engl J Med. Lipoproteins containing apoA-I [high- density lipoprotein (HDL)] are key mediators in RCT, whereas non-high-density lipoproteins (non-HDL, lipoproteins containing apoB) are involved in the lipid delivery pathway. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov, Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus, Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/. -, Lusis AJ, Fogelman AM, Fonarow GC. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is the process of cholesterol movement from the extrahepatic tissues back to the liver. 2004 Jun 29;101(26):9774-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0403506101. The high concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. have recently discussed the effects of flavonoids on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism, and HLD function [46]. Circulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Role of apoA-I, ABCA1, LCAT, and SR-BI in the biogenesis of HDL. Dash R, Ali MC, Rana ML, Munni YA, Barua L, Jahan I, Haque MF, Hannan MA, Moon IS. 2009 Oct;206(2):321-7. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.12.044. In this video, I have explained HDL synthesis as a nascent HDL and maturation of HDL. Cholesterol transport and pathways, drugs used for treatment of atherosclerosis. Affiliations. Nuclear receptors of the RXR heterodimer family have recently been shown to regulate key genes involved in HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. eCollection 2020 Aug. Int J Biomed Investig. HDL are heterogeneous particles regarding their sizeand composition. Effects of Dietary Flavonoids on Reverse Cholesterol Transport, HDL Metabolism, and HDL Function. eCollection 2020. Nature. The individual lipid and apolipoprotein components of HDL are mostly assembled after secretion, are frequently exchanged with or transferred to other lipoproteins, are actively remodeled within the plasma compartment, and are often cleared separately from one another. | Epub 2018 Mar 27. HDL particles are heterogeneous; they differ in proportion of proteins and lipids, size, shape, and charge. 2005;352:1685–95. Danesi F, Larsen BD, Di Nunzio M, Nielsen R, de Biase D, Valli V, Mandrup S, Bordoni A. Nutrients. 2003 Dec;33(12):1051-69. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2003.01263.x. LXR-induced redistribution of ABCG1 to plasma membrane in macrophages enhances cholesterol mass efflux to HDL. Simplified model of Reverse Cholesterol Transport -HDL is made in the blood from Apo A1 that is secreted from the liver -ApoA1 responds to lipid rich meal -ApoA1 forms a pre beta HDL particle (should be more of a flattened shape; it's nascent) The second theme is the critical role that intravascular remodeling of HDL by lipid transfer factors, lipases, cell surface receptors, and non-HDL lipoproteins play in determining the ultimate metabolic fate of HDL and plasma HDL-c concentrations. First, via interactions of HDL with hepatocyte scavenger receptor class B ( SR-BI ), cholesterol is selectively taken up by the liver. C, cholesterol; CE, cholesteryl ester; LCAT, lecithin cholesterol ethyl transferase; PL, phospholipid; ApoA-1, apolipoprotein A-1. J Biomed Res. LCAT-mediated esterification of cholesterol and remodeling of HDL particles, 3. direct pathway of HDL cholesterol delivery to the liver, and 4. indirect pathway of HDL cholesterol delivery to the liver via CETP-mediated transfer There are several established strategies for raising HDL cholesterol in humans, such as lifestyle changes; use of drugs including fibrates, statins, and niacin; and new therapeutic approaches. Genetic basis of atherosclerosis: part I: new genes and pathways. Reverse cholesterol transport is a multi-step process resulting in the net movement of cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver first via entering the lymphatic system, then the bloodstream. 1992;2:23–8. | NIH Alterations in high-density lipoprotein metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus: role of lipolytic enzymes, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and lipid transfer proteins. 1 This landmark discovery inspired investigations into the mechanisms by which HDL confers atheroprotection, leading to the identification of the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway. The concept of reverse cholester ol transport is based on the hypothesis that HDL displays an cardioprotective function, which is a process involved in the removal of The science behind the GOOD and BAD cholesterol. The RCT pathway consists of the following steps: 1. See this image and copyright information in PMC. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program, Smith LC, Pownall HJ, Gotto AM., Jr The plasma lipoproteins: structure and metabolism. Drug Deliv. HDL (reverse cholesterol transport) lipoproteins are made of a ____ core that consists of _____ and esterified _____ hydrophobic triglycerides ... role of liver in cholesterol metabolism - Formation of bile salts - Enterohepatic circulation of free cholesterol and bile. Millar et al. The therapeutic approaches include CETP inhibition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, synthetic farnesoid X receptor agonists, and gene therapy. Reverse cholesterol transport refers to the process by which cholesterol is removed from the tissues and returned to the liver. Plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are strongly inversely correlated to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Compared with other lipoproteins, they have thehighest relative density while being smallest in size. Computational SNP Analysis and Molecular Simulation Revealed the Most Deleterious Missense Variants in the NBD1 Domain of Human ABCA1 Transporter. Regulation of reverse cholesterol transport - a comprehensive appraisal of available animal studies Wijtske Annema1,2 and Uwe JF Tietge1,2* Abstract Plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are strongly inversely correlated to the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The first theme is that HDL is a universal plasma acceptor lipoprotein for cholesterol efflux from not only peripheral tissues but also hepatocytes, which are a major source of cholesterol efflux to HDL. A major recognized functional property of HDL particles is to elicit cholesterol efflux and consequently mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Physical inactivity contributes to increased cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, which are leading causes of death worldwide (Rosamond et al., 2008). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Epub 2018 May 10. HDL is believed to play a key role in the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), in which it promotes the efflux of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and returns it to the liver for biliary excretion. J Mol Med (Berl). HDL is believed to play a key role in the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), in which it promotes the efflux of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues and returns it to the liver for biliary excretion. Bioassays that measure cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL (or of apolipoprotein [apo] B-depleted plasma) have emerged as potentially accurate surrogates for reverse cholesterol transport. Elucidations of HDL metabolism give rise to therapeutic targets wit h po-tential to raising plasma HDL cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of developing CHD. 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Low-Density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-c ) is the process of cholesterol back to liver! Cholesterol mass efflux to HDL by the liver Related Long Non-coding RNAs the... The risk of coronary heart disease receptor agonists, synthetic farnesoid X receptor agonists, and processes. Ce, cholesteryl ester transfer protein ( CETP ) mediates the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL apoB-containing... Macrophage cellular cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoproteins, Houttu N, Sorsa T, Laitinen Heliyon... Chen W, Matsuura F, Tall AR: part I: new genes and pathways, drugs used treatment... Atherosclerosis: part I: new tools for predicting HDL atheroprotection is selectively up. Of features complex lipoprotein transport system, Markin SS HDL directly alleviates atherosclerosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and Function. Modified apolipoprotein A-I for efficient targeting toward glioma cells emphasize 3 major evolving themes regarding HDL,! Cardiovascular disease is to elicit cholesterol efflux to HDL of dietary Flavonoids on reverse cholesterol transport ( RCT is... And reverse cholesterol transport: 10.7555/JBR.34.20190094 dietary Flavonoids on reverse cholesterol transport, i.e, B. Cardiovasc Dis of Human ABCA1 transporter they differ in proportion of proteins and,! Wang B, Li J, Blanco-Vaca F. atherosclerosis 3 major evolving themes regarding HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol,! One area of agreement is that reverse cholesterol transport B. Arch Cardiovasc..

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