In societies that have large stock and flows of knowledge, virtuous circles that encourage widespread creativity and technological innovation emerge naturally, and allow sustained growth over long periods. Some of these problems could be −, On the other hand, once mitigating solutions are found for these problems, then the second major issue is the under-development in the field of scientific research and technology that directly affects the development of the country’s economy, infrastructure, higher education, and a few other fields listed below −. the role of science, technology, innovation and infrastructure Policy recommendations G7 Academies of Science urge governments to: line with Goal 9 of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustaina- ble Development, which is to "Build resilient infra- structure, promote inclusive and sustainable indu- strialization and foster innovation". Revolutionary inventions include small underground nuclear power units called nuclear batteries that will be ultra-safe and maintenance-free; new types of photo-voltaics that will make electricity from sunlight cheaper than that from coal; and myriad nano-technologies, some of which lower the cost and increase the reliability of many products – even in the poorest areas of the developing world. 15. It means, knowledge and understanding of the intelligence of workers, quality of products, value of a firm, effectiveness of market, etc. Science and technology (S&T) capabilities are fundamental for social and economic progress in developing countries; for example, in the health sector, scientific research led to the development and introduction of oral rehydration therapy, which became the cornerstone of international efforts to control diarrheal diseases. Science and technology budgets receive little support from the private sector and instead depend on the national treasury.4 Heavy government bureaucracies wind up cultivating whatever science and technology is fashionable in the developed countries, waiting indefinitely for the time when such competence would trigger development in a manner that resembles the wait for Godot in Beckett's play. All these technologies, in turn, provide favorable conditions for the country’s growth and increase healthy competition nationally and also internationally. Access and application are critical. One of the most important aspects of Science and Technology is that it has solution to the difficult of the difficult problems, the problems which have the potential to become major bottlenecks to the overall growth of the country. Let us now discuss the nature of Science and Technology. According to the United Nations International Telecommunications Union (UN-ITU), by the end of 2010 there were an estimated 5.3 billion mobile cellular subscriptions worldwide, including 940 million subscriptions to 3g services. Less developed countries not only lack skilled labour and capital, but also use these less efficiently. There are normally two types of knowledge required for the overall development of a country −. Consider scientific wonders of the 20th century alone: air travel, automobiles, computers, television, robotics and more. We need Science and Technology in every sphere of our life like to treat diseases such as cancer or even to book a cab or train/flight ticket. The combination of computers and the Internet, and mobile devices and the “cloud”, has transformed human experience, empowering individuals through access to knowledge and markets, changing the relationship between citizens and those in authority, as well as allowing new communities to emerge in virtual worlds that span the globe. 2. Cont…In doing so, science and technologyshould make the natural and socialenvironment harmonious, withoutseriously endangering the future. cience and technology have SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN MODERN SOCIETY 13 become critical factors in achieving those goals, and the health sciencesâ including the life sciences, health services research, and public health researchâ will remain vital elements in the promotion of the nationâ s well- … Knowledge is the systemically integrated information that allows a citizen, a worker, a manager, or a finance minister to act purposefully and intelligently in a complex and demanding world. In a world in which the Internet makes information ubiquitous, what counts is the ability to use knowledge intelligently. The real divide over the next 20 years will be between those who have access to reliable electricity to power these devices and those who do not. About 90 percent of the world’s population can access mobile networks, with three-quarters of mobile subscribers living in developing economies. Products are transforming business practices across the economy, as well as the lives of all who have access to their effects. The most remarkable breakthroughs will come from the interaction of insights and applications arising when these technologies converge. The purpose of science is to develop a vast breadth and depth of data and knowledge to enable us to understand why things are the way they are (Oberdan 26). In societies with limited stocks of knowledge, bright and creative people feel stifled and emigrate as soon as they can, creating a vicious circle that traps those who remain in a more impoverished space. A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action. Science and technology are key drivers to development, because technological and scientific revolutions underpin economic advances, improvements in health systems, education and infrastructure. The extent to which developing economies emerge as economic powerhouses depends on their ability to grasp and apply insights from science and technology and use them creatively. infrastructure development, communications, defence, industrialization etc. The role of science and technology indevelopment should be directedtoward reduction of inequalitiesbetween advanced and thedeveloping countries and betweenvarious sections of population within acountry. In modern academia, the interdisciplinary study of the mutual impacts of science, technology, and society, is called science and technology studies. Without a proper foundation in basic sciences it is very difficult if not impossible to … Science and technology have been able to make meaningful contributions to socioeconomic development only when they have acted in an interdisciplinary manner to solve the problems. Successful countries have grown their ability to innovate and learn by doing, by investing public funding to help finance research and development in critical areas. As a matter of fact, Science and Technology facilitates healthy competition between the different attributes and elements and acts like a platform for a better life. The Role of Science and Technology in the Developing World in the 21st Century Developments in science and technology are fundamentally altering the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with profound effects on economic development. Medicine. The Role of Science in Society In broad terms, there are two possible goals for engaging the policy process and two primary strategies for achieving those goals. The book puts emphasis on the role of technologists and scientists in promoting … Consider the following points to understand how the security of a society is directly related to the development of the technology − 1. 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